柴可夫斯基英文介绍。生平，代表作，代表作简介。英文的!!!回答至少1000字 急求，请在8点之前回答！！！
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893),anglicised as Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, was a Russian composer whose works included symphonies, concertos, operas, ballets, chamber music, and a choral setting of the Russian Orthodox Divine Liturgy. Some of these are among the most popular theatrical music in the classical repertoire. He was the first Russian composer whose music made a lasting impression internationally, which he bolstered with appearances as a guest conductor later in his career in Europe and the United States. One of these appearances was at the inaugural concert of Carnegie Hall in New York City in 1891. Tchaikovsky was honored in 1884 by Emperor Alexander III, and awarded a lifetime pension in the late 1880s.
Although musically precocious, Tchaikovsky was educated for a career as a civil servant. There was scant opportunity for a musical career in Russia at that time, and no system of public music education. When an opportunity for such an education arose, he entered the nascent Saint Petersburg Conservatory, from where he graduated in 1865. The formal Western-oriented teaching he received there set him apart from composers of the contemporary nationalist movement embodied by the Russian composers of The Five, with whom his professional relationship was mixed. Tchaikovsky's training set him on a path to reconcile what he had learned with the native musical practices to which he had been exposed from childhood. From this reconciliation, he forged a personal but unmistakably Russian style—a task that did not prove easy. The principles that governed melody, harmony and other fundamentals of Russian music ran completely counter to those that governed Western European music; this seemed to defeat the potential for using Russian music in large-scale Western composition or from forming a composite style, and it caused personal antipathies that dented Tchaikovsky's self-confidence. Russian culture exhibited a split personality, with its native and adopted elements having drifted apart increasingly since the time of Peter the Great, and this resulted in uncertainty among the intelligentsia of the country's national identity.
Despite his many popular successes, Tchaikovsky's life was punctuated by personal crises and depression. Contributory factors included his leaving his mother for boarding school, his mother's early death and the collapse of the one enduring relationship of his adult life, his 13-year association with the wealthy widow Nadezhda von Meck. His same-sex orientation, which he kept private, has traditionally also been considered a major factor, though a number of musicologists now play down its importance. His sudden death at the age of 53 is generally ascribed to cholera; there is an ongoing debate as to whether it was accidental or self-inflicted.
While his music has remained popular among audiences, critical opinions were initially mixed. Some Russians did not feel it sufficiently representative of native musical values and were suspicious that Europeans accepted it for its Western elements. In apparent reinforcement of the latter claim, some Europeans lauded Tchaikovsky for offering music more substantive than base exoticism, and thus transcending stereotypes of Russian classical music. Tchaikovsky's music was dismissed as "lacking in elevated thought," according to longtime New York Times music critic Harold C. Schonberg, and its formal workings were derided as deficient for not following Western principles stringently.
Life
Childhood
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in Votkinsk, a small town in present-day Udmurtia, a former province of Vyatka in the Russian Empire. His family had a long line of military service. His father, Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky, was an engineer who served as a lieutenant colonel in the Department of Mines. He was mostly of Russian ethnicity, though his ancestors were Ukrainian Cossacks[1] and manager of the Kamsko-Votkinsk Ironworks. His grandfather, Petro Fedorovych Chaika, received medical training in Saint Petersburg and served as a physician's assistant in the army before becoming city governor of Glazov in Viatka. His great-grandfather, a Cossack named Fyodor Chaika, distinguished himself under Peter the Great at the Battle of Poltava in 1709.[2] His mother, Alexandra Andreyevna née d'Assier, the second of Ilya's three wives, was 18 years her husband's junior and of French ancestry on her father's side.[3] Both of Tchaikovsky's parents were trained in the arts, including music. This was considered a necessity as a posting to a remote area of Russia was always possible, bringing with it a need for entertainment, both private and at social gatherings.[4]
Tchaikovsky had four brothers (Nikolai, Ippolit, and twins Anatoly and Modest), a sister, Alexandra and a half-sister Zinaida from his father's first marriage.[5] He was particularly close to Alexandra and the twins. Anatoly later had a prominent legal career, while Modest became a dramatist, librettist, and translator.[6] Alexandra married Lev Davydov[7] and had seven children, one of whom, Vladimir Davydov, became very close to the composer, who nicknamed him 'Bob'.[8] The Davydovs provided the only real family life Tchaikovsky knew as an adult,[9] and their estate in Kamenka (now Kamianka, Cherkasy Oblast, part of Ukraine) became a welcome refuge for him during his years of wandering.[9]
In 1843 the family hired Fanny Dürbach, a 22-year-old French governess, to look after the children and teach Tchaikovsky's elder brother Nikolai and a niece of the family.[10] While Tchaikovsky, at four and a half, was initially considered too young to begin studies, his insistence convinced Dürbach otherwise.[11] Dürbach proved an excellent teacher, teaching Pyotr Tchaikovsky to be fluent in French and German by the age of six.[4] Tchaikovsky became attached to the young woman and her affection for him is said to have provided a counter to Tchaikovsky's mother, who has been described as a cold, unhappy, distant parent,[12] although others assert that the mother doted on her son.[13] Dürbach saved much of Tchaikovsky's work from this period, which includes his earliest known compositions. She was also the source of several anecdotes about his childhood.[14]
Tchaikovsky took piano lessons from the age of five. A precocious pupil, he could read music as adeptly as his teacher within three years. His parents were initially supportive, hiring a tutor, buying an orchestrion (a form of barrel organ that could imitate elaborate orchestral effects), and encouraging his study of the piano for both aesthetic and practical reasons. Nevertheless, the family decided in 1850 to send Tchaikovsky to the Imperial School of Jurisprudence in Saint Petersburg. This decision may have been rooted in practicality. It is not certain whether Tchaikovsky's parents had grown insensitive toward his musical gift.[4] However, regardless of talent, the only avenues for a musical career in Russia at that time – except for the affluent aristocracy – were as a teacher in an academy or an instrumentalist in one of the Imperial Theaters. Both were considered on the lowest rung of the social ladder, with no more rights than peasants.[15] Also, because of the growing uncertainty of his father's income, both parents may have wanted Tchaikovsky to become independent as soon as possible.[16]
Since both parents had graduated from institutes in Saint Petersburg, they decided to educate him as they had themselves been educated.[17] The School of Jurisprudence mainly served the lesser nobility and would prepare Tchaikovsky for a career as a civil servant. As the minimum age for acceptance was 12 and Tchaikovsky was only 10 at the time, he was required to spend two years boarding at the Imperial School of Jurisprudence's preparatory school, 800 miles (1,300 km) from his family.[18] Once those two years had passed, Tchaikovsky transferred to the Imperial School of Jurisprudence to begin a seven-year course of studies.[19]
Emerging composer
Childhood trauma and school years
Tchaikovsky's separation from his mother to attend boarding school caused an emotional trauma that tormented him throughout his life.[20] Her death from cholera in 1854 further devastated him, affecting him so much that he could not inform Fanny Dürbach until two years later.[21] He mourned his mother's loss for the rest of his life[22] and called it "the crucial event" that ultimately shaped it.[23] More than 25 years after his loss, Tchaikovsky wrote to his patroness, Nadezhda von Meck, "Every moment of that appalling day is as vivid to me as though it were yesterday."[22] The loss also prompted Tchaikovsky to make his first serious attempt at composition, a waltz in her memory.
Tchaikovsky's father, who also contracted cholera at this time but fully recovered, immediately sent him back to school, hoping that classwork would occupy the boy's mind.[24] In partial compensation for his isolation and loss, Tchaikovsky made lifelong friendships with fellow students, including Aleksey Apukhtin and Vladimir Gerard.[25] Music became a unifier. While it was not an official priority at the School of Jurisprudence, Tchaikovsky maintained an extracurricular connection by regularly attending the opera with other students.[26] Fond of works by Rossini, Bellini, Verdi and Mozart, he would improvise for his friends at the school's harmonium on themes they had sung during choir practice. "We were amused," Vladimir Gerard later remembered, "but not imbued with any expectations of his future glory."[27] Tchaikovsky also continued his piano studies through Franz Becker, an instrument manufacturer who made occasional visits to the school; however, the results, according to musicologist David Brown, were "negligible."[28]
In 1855, Tchaikovsky's father funded private lessons for his son with the teacher Rudolph Kündinger. He also questioned Kündinger about a musical career for the boy. Kündinger replied that, while impressed, nothing suggested to him a future as a composer or performer.[29] Kündinger later admitted that his assessment was also based on his own negative experiences as a musician in Russia and his unwillingness for Tchaikovsky to be treated likewise.[30] Tchaikovsky was told to finish his course and then try for a post in the Ministry of Justice.[31] Even though he gave this practical advice, his father remained receptive about a career in music for Tchaikovsky. He simply did not know what Tchaikovsky could accomplish, nor whether he could make a living at it. No public education system in music existed at the time in Russia and private education, especially in composition, was erratic.[32]
柴科夫斯基的生平资料
柴可夫斯基简介
柴可夫斯基（1840——1893）俄国作曲家，生于贵族家庭，5岁开始学习钢琴，10岁被送到法律学校去读书，毕业后在司法部工作。然而，他本人并不喜欢这个职业，后入彼得堡音乐学院跟安·鲁宾斯坦学习作曲，毕业后赴莫斯科音乐学院任教。以后在梅克夫人资助下，摆脱繁重的教学工作，专心从事创作。他创作的作品中，有大家所熟悉的舞剧《天鹅湖》、《睡美人》、《胡桃夹子》和交响诗《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《悲怆》等。他的音乐充满内心情感和戏剧力量，不仅深为专业音乐工作者喜爱，而且也为广大群众所赞赏。
敏感的心灵
如果彼得·伊利亚·柴可夫斯基是一个骁勇善战的将领或士兵，我们不会感到惊奇，他必定多少承继了祖先的黩武基因。他的祖上是哥萨克贵族，家族身配蓝天白鸥的纹章，几代人都为沙皇效劳。如果柴可夫斯基成为那个时代俄罗斯少有的科技人员，我们也还能勉强从他父亲那里找到源流。他父亲伊利亚·柴可夫斯基是个矿井工程师，到1840年5月7日柴可夫斯基出生的时候，在矿城伏特金斯克已经是个显赫人物。从家学渊源上来探询柴可夫斯基的作曲家之路，不免有牵强拔高的嫌疑。确实，柴可夫斯基不像他喜欢的莫扎特那样，拥有一个音乐氛围浓厚的家庭背景。他也不像莫扎特那样，称得上是个神童。
如果说小时候的他，有什么异于常人的地方，那应该是他特别脆弱敏感的天性。他童年的家庭教师芬妮·杜芭赫小姐回忆起这位学生，说：“彼得实在敏感得过分，因此不得不十分小心地对待他。微不足道的小事都会刺伤他。他是一个脆弱的孩子。”这种初露艺术端倪的特性或许可以从他母亲那一族里找到某些解释。1833年伊利亚第二次结婚，娶亚历山德拉·阿茜埃。她是一位法国移民的女儿，具有她身处的社会阶层所要求的一些弹琴唱歌技能，这在当时是很普通的。而关于那位移民，也就是柴可夫斯基的祖父，人们所知道的是他生来有些神经质而易于激动，据说亚历山德拉家有羊痫风的病史。柴可夫斯基一生承受着敏感天性的折磨，他是一个神经官能患者。但是，他以后所谱写的一些最富于个性的感人乐章，体现的正是他的这种天性。我想，也只有一个分外敏感的人才能把握住内心最深处的渴求与律动，并且委婉真挚地用音乐表达出来。
音乐的挚爱
柴可夫斯基很小就对音乐表现出浓厚的兴趣。这在十九世纪初的俄罗斯是很有几分让人惊奇的。当小彼得告诉芬妮他想当个莫扎特一样的音乐家时，这位法兰西女老师冒出的念头是“多怪！对法国和德国人来说，这样想还不算什么，可是俄国人对音乐一窍不通。”她吃惊地发现，音乐常常叫这个孩子显得兴奋。一天，家庭晚会结束后，芬妮看见小柴可夫斯基坐在床上，两眼闪着奇异的光芒，说“啊，听这音乐，听这音乐，救救我，它在我头脑里，我摆脱不了它！”这段轶事真实到什么程度无从考究，但通过它，我们洞见了小柴可夫斯基心中对音乐不可遏止的挚爱。
家里对彼得的音乐兴趣不置可否，不过还是屈从了他孩童的热情。在柴可夫斯基五岁生日过后不久，家里为他聘请了一位钢琴教师，对他进行比较正规的训练。不到三年工夫，柴可夫斯基就可以跟这位年轻老师一样一眼就能识谱了。他幼稚的弹奏中含有的热情让人惊讶。但也仅此而已。小彼得并没有显示出任何非凡的音乐天分来。有谁试图通到小彼得预言他将成为俄罗斯历史上首屈一指的大音乐家，这即使不让人当作是胡言乱语，也多少有些异想天开。家人和作曲家本人似乎想循着当时的生活路子走下去。父亲退休后在首都彼得堡安了家，柴可夫斯基进了当地的法律学校。毕业后他成了司法部的一等文书。但是，对音乐的爱好柴可夫斯基一直坚持着：利用闲暇时间参加合唱，在姑妈的要求下表演流行的歌剧片断，跟定居彼得堡的德国著名钢琴家昆丁格上课……天性中对音乐的亲近终于让柴可夫斯基不满足于只当一个业余音乐爱好者。他报考了彼得堡音乐学院，向部里提出辞呈，从此完全投身音乐，在音乐中找到了他存在与表达的焦灼和快乐。
自然的遐思
落日、融冰的小河、幽渺暗淡的早春，在列维坦的画中，在屠格涅夫的笔下，俄罗斯丛林田园中的风光郁郁勃发着旺盛的生命力，回荡着神秘莫测的天空与大地的交汇之声。用灵魂去感受十九世纪俄罗斯自然的广袤和秀美的艺术家中，柴可夫斯基算是一个。除了音乐，柴可夫斯基的幸福主要来自他对大自然的沉思默想。像音乐需要敏感的人来体会一样，自然的美也需要细腻的心灵才能很好地捕捉与欣赏。贯穿于音乐、自然、心灵三者之中的，是对冥冥生命的关注与表达。柴可夫斯基喜欢自然的一切———自然的多样的表情，不管它是晴空万里，还是阴云密布；自然的多姿的孩子，譬如那风中盛开的各色花朵，他甚至写过一首很美的小诗赞扬铃兰花。
岁月还没有撒下它忧郁凄苦的魔网，柴可夫斯基像大多数家庭环境优越的孩子那样舒适地度过了童年。自然的曼妙让他欢愉。据说，有一次，他独自一人走进高粱地，“扑通”跪在地上，为自己从自然中感受到的喜悦向上帝谢恩。对自然的热爱延续了作曲家的一生。尽管没有确切的证据，但我们确实可以相信，柴可夫斯基从自然中听取了生命的博大与纤柔，谱写出多愁善感的浪漫乐章；而在自我冲突分裂的时候，作曲家则从自然那里找寻到了心灵的安恬与平和。
什么时候，到柴可夫斯基的故居去走一遭，或许能更深刻地感受到作曲家敏感之心对音乐与自然的热爱与遐思。
克洛德·德彪西的生平是什么样的？创作了哪些音乐作品？
法国作曲家、钢琴家克洛德——阿希尔·德彪西是印象主义音乐奠基人和完成者、现代音乐创始者，是打开20世纪音乐大门的人。德彪西1862年8月22日出生在巴黎近郊圣日尔曼恩雷一个小陶器店主家里。他的父亲不懂音乐，希望儿子成为一名船员。德彪西却对音乐有异常浓厚的兴趣，具有精细的鉴赏能力。德彪西7岁向婶婶学钢琴，8岁向肖邦高徒富劳维尔夫人学弹钢琴。1873年，凭自己的才华进入巴黎音乐学院，进行了长达11年的学习。德彪西既是全院著名的钢琴演奏者，又是理论班有名的捣蛋鬼。他凭自己的敏锐听觉和键盘能力，常常不按传统和声规则寻找新鲜音响组合，演奏一连串增和弦、九和弦与十一和弦。学习期间，德彪西曾两次去俄罗斯，使他有机会听到里姆斯基、科萨科夫、巴拉基列夫和鲍罗廷的一些作品，特别是一些真正的俄罗斯茨冈人的自由即兴演奏。1879年，他被俄国富孀、柴可夫斯基的赞助者冯·梅克利夫人聘为临时家庭音乐教师和首席乐师，并随梅克利夫人去瑞士、意大利和奥地利游历。在维也纳，他第一次听到瓦格纳的歌剧《特列斯坦与伊索尔德》，并很欣赏这部作品。在意大利期间，德彪西给法兰西学会寄来两部作品：《春》和《被选中的姑娘》，其中部分被退了回来。《春》招致了非议，德彪西从而反对学会主持演出《被选中的姑娘》。这种演出是按照传统，为了奖励罗马奖获得者的辛勤创作而组织的隆重演出。1884年，他的《浪子回头》曾获得罗马大奖。后来，《春》由民族协会首先公演。后来，德彪西开始和斯特凡·马拉美交往，后者的家是许多年轻艺术家，尤其是诗人和画家的聚会场所，又是象征派的圣地。在这里，德彪西认识了许多象征派和印象派的艺术家，受到了极大的影响。德彪西觉得这些人的艺术观点与思维正与自己的契合，所以这些艺术家在潜移默化之中极大地帮助了他完善自己的艺术修养。1892年，受马拉美的一首诗的影响，德彪西写了第一部交响诗《牧神午后序曲》。德彪西生命中的最后几年，身体日渐消瘦，1909年身患癌症，1915年开刀割瘤，1917年二次手术，1918年3月26日在德国法西斯轰击巴黎的隆隆炮声中与世长辞。
请问谁知道柴可夫斯基的资料？
柴可夫斯基(1840 - 1893)是俄罗斯最伟大的作曲家。
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他出生在俄国维亚特斯基省的一个贵族家庭，10岁在彼得堡法律学校读书时，便开始学习钢琴和作曲。23岁入彼得堡音乐学院学习作曲，毕业后到莫斯科音乐学院任教。1877年，他辞去音乐学院的教授职务，在梅克夫人的资助下，从事专业音乐创作，很多优秀作品便是这时期所作的。
1893年10月28日，柴可夫斯基在彼得堡亲自指挥演出他的代表作品《第六交响曲》，9天后便离开了人世。
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柴可夫斯基的作品繁多，体裁广泛，仅大型作品就有：10部歌剧，以《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》和《黑桃皇后》最为著名；6部交响曲，以《第五交响曲》和《第六交响曲》最为著名；4部协奏曲，以《降b小调第一钢琴协奏曲》和《D大调小提琴协奏曲》最为著名；3部舞剧——《天鹅湖》、《睡美人》和《胡桃夹子》；以及幻想序曲《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《一八一二序曲》、《意大利随想曲》和钢琴套曲《四季》等等。
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他的作品被称为“俄罗斯之魂”。 柴可夫斯基的音乐真挚、热忱，注重对人的心理的细致刻画，充满感人的抒情性，同时又带有强烈的、震撼人心的戏剧性。他的旋律具有俄罗斯民族那种特有的风格，他的和声浓重、丰满，显露着作曲家本人的个性气质，富有难以言传的魅力。一百多年来，柴可夫斯基的音乐作品，以深刻的思想内容和高度的艺术性，广为世界人民喜爱，成为人类音乐宝库中的珍品。
柴可夫斯基是哪国人呢？
柴可夫斯基是俄国人，生活在沙皇俄国时期。在沙皇俄国晚期，俄国的统治非常黑暗，柴可夫斯基目睹了民间百姓的疾苦，他的很多音乐作品表现了底层百姓的穷苦，用音乐控诉社会的黑暗。1840年，柴可夫斯基生于俄国的维亚特卡省，后来他们家又搬到了俄国的圣彼得堡，圣彼得堡是俄国的大城市，是由彼得大帝修建而成。柴可夫斯基在那里接触到了音乐，渐渐喜欢上了音乐。柴可夫斯基是哪国人的问题是很简单的问题，并没有涉及到沙俄的地理情况。沙俄的领土不仅包括如今的俄罗斯全部，还涵盖了中亚、波罗的海沿岸、西亚一部分领土。而柴可夫斯基是土生土长的俄罗斯族，因此柴可夫斯基是俄国人。
柴可夫斯基是哪国人？
俄国人
1871年夏天，作曲家柴可夫斯基去乌克兰卡明加渡假，拜访了居住在那里的妹妹。做为舅舅，他根据德国作家莫采伊斯的妖精故事《天鹅池》，为可爱的外甥们谱写了一部家庭用的独幕芭蕾曲。1875年8月，莫斯科帝国剧院总裁格里采尔与剧作家皮盖切夫合作编写了大型舞剧《天鹅湖》的台本，并以八百卢布的报酬委托柴可夫斯基为之作曲。早就希望能在舞剧领域里进行尝试的柴可夫斯基，就以四年前所写的这部短篇芭蕾音乐为基础，又融合进1869年所创作的歌剧《女水神》的音乐，于次年4月完成了全部谱曲工作，全剧共分四幕二十九曲。不久，《天鹅湖》由德国人列津格尔编导，在莫斯科正式公演，略波夫担任乐队指挥。遗憾的是他们对于柴可夫斯基的创新感到无所适从，在演出中不按原谱，任意加进普尼等其他作曲家的音乐。特别是因为编导的平庸，竟然给扮演天鹅的女演员双臂绑上细木棍，让他们仿效飞禽翅膀，终于导致首演的全面失败，只演了几场就中止了。性格内向的柴可夫斯基，把演出的失败归结于自己的音乐，一直打算重新修改《天鹅湖》音乐，但未及动手就与世知辞了。
1894年，彼德堡马林斯基剧院首席编导马留斯·彼季帕在其助手列弗·伊万诺夫的协同下，为柴可夫斯基逝世一周年举行纪念公演时，首先把《天鹅湖》二幕重新搬上了舞台。然后又由彼季帕编导一、三幕，伊万诺夫编导二、四幕，于1895年1月27日在彼德堡上演全剧。他们在指挥德里果的协助下，对舞剧谱进行了必要的增删和次序上的调整。在编舞上进行了种种革新，为突出奥杰塔与奥吉丽雅善与恶的鲜明对比，赋予了他们不同的性格和节奏。当时担任女主角的演员皮埃丽娜·莱格那妮，以细腻的感觉，轻盈的舞姿、完备的技巧创造性的体现了编导的意图，据说在第三幕里天鹅独舞中，一口气做了三十二个Fouette（单腿旋转），首次完成了这一芭蕾舞演员的绝技。《天鹅湖》的重演获得了巨大成功，达到了古典浪漫主义舞剧的光辉顶点。进入二十世纪，随着芭蕾艺术在全世界的推广，《天鹅湖》已成为各国芭蕾舞团演出最多的古典芭蕾舞剧，并出现了不同的版本，中国现有的五个专业芭蕾舞团都将《天鹅湖》作为经常演出的保留剧目，成为中国人民最熟知的、也是最喜爱的芭蕾舞剧。芭蕾舞爱好者大多数都是从《天鹅湖》开始感受芭蕾的魅力的，将于１２月１２日至明年１月２０日举办的首届北京国际舞蹈演出季中，就将有四个版本的《天鹅湖》演出，分别是来自中央芭蕾舞团、俄罗斯全明星节庆芭蕾舞团、白俄罗斯国家大剧院芭蕾舞团以及古巴国家芭蕾舞团。 熊熊ooO/kel 2008-06-29 18:33 检举
生平 1840年5月7日柴科夫斯基出生在维亚特卡省卡姆斯克-沃特金斯克附近的村庄。父亲是一位矿业工程师，1848年迁家至圣彼得堡。1850年，柴科夫斯基入圣彼得堡法律学校学习，并选修音乐课，师从Т.И.菲利波夫学习钢琴。1859年从法律学校毕业，进入司法部任职，同时钻研音乐。1861年入俄罗斯音乐协会的音乐班学习。1862年在音乐学习班的基础上成立了俄国第1所高等音乐学校──圣彼得堡音乐学院（今列宁格勒音乐学院），柴科夫斯基成为该校第1批学生，在Н.И.扎连芭指导下学习和声与复调，在А.Г.鲁宾斯坦的指导下学习配器和作曲。由于司法部的职务与学习音乐之间的矛盾，柴科夫斯基几经考虑，于1863年毅然辞去司法部的工作而完全献身于音乐事业。1865年，柴科夫斯基以优异成绩毕业于圣彼得堡音乐学院，毕业作品为康塔塔《欢乐颂》（J.C.F.席勒诗），获得银牌奖。同年应Н.Г.鲁宾斯坦之邀，柴科夫斯基来到莫斯科，任教于新成立的莫斯科音乐学院，并开始了紧张的创作活动。约10年时间，柴科夫斯基写下了许多早期名作，其中包括3部交响曲钢琴协奏曲、歌剧、舞剧、管弦乐序曲、室内重奏等。由于教学任务繁重，柴科夫斯基为自己不能以全部精力投入创作而苦恼。但为了经济来源，他又不得不继续担任教学工作。1877年7月柴科夫斯基和А.И.米柳科娃结婚。这是一个不幸的婚姻，柴科夫斯基为此极为痛苦，不久即离异。创作与教学工作的矛盾和婚姻带来的不幸，使柴科夫斯基精神负担沉重。1876年，柴科夫斯基与梅克夫人建立了通讯友谊，这给柴科夫斯基以极大的精神安慰。梅克夫人是一位颇有文化教养的富孀，非常喜爱柴科夫斯基的作品。两人在频繁的通信中建立了深厚的友谊。梅克夫人从1877年开始，每年给予柴科夫斯基以优厚的经济资助，使柴科夫斯基有可能辞去音乐学院的教职，把自己的全部精力投入创作。从1877年到他去世的10多年间，是柴科夫斯基在创作上获得辉煌成就的时期。他的第4、第5、第6交响曲以及标题交响曲《曼弗雷德》，歌剧《叶甫盖尼·奥涅金》《玛捷帕》《黑桃皇后》《伊奥兰特》，舞剧《睡美人》《胡桃夹子》，以及《小提琴协奏曲》《意大利随想曲》《1812序曲》以及许多浪漫曲等，都是这一时期的名作。
柴科夫斯基一生中曾多次去西欧旅行，并于1891年赴美国指挥演奏自己的作品。1893年5月，柴科夫斯基接受了英国剑桥大学授予的名誉博士学位，10月28日在圣彼得堡亲自指挥其《第六交响曲》的首次演出，11月6日由于霍乱症逝世（另一说是因自杀而死）。